Fissure Sealants
Fissure sealants are thin protective coatings applied to the grooves on the chewing surfaces of the back teeth. These grooves can be narrow and difficult to clean properly, allowing plaque and food particles to collect even with regular brushing.
The sealant creates a smoother protective barrier over these vulnerable areas, helping reduce the risk of tooth decay. The treatment is quick, non-invasive and is commonly recommended for children and teenagers, although some adults may also benefit.
Why are the back teeth more vulnerable to decay?
The chewing surfaces of molars and premolars contain natural pits and grooves known as fissures. In some people, these fissures are particularly deep and narrow.
Toothbrush bristles may not reach fully into these areas, making it easier for bacteria and plaque to remain trapped. Over time, this can increase the chance of a cavity developing.
Who may benefit from fissure sealants?
- Children whose permanent back teeth have recently appeared
- Teenagers with deep grooves in their molars or premolars
- Patients who have previously experienced tooth decay
- People who find the back teeth difficult to clean effectively
- Teeth with deep fissures but no established cavity
- Adults with healthy but vulnerable grooved tooth surfaces
What happens during treatment?
The tooth is first cleaned carefully to remove plaque and debris from the chewing surface. It is then kept dry so the sealant can bond properly.
A preparation solution may be applied briefly to the enamel before the liquid sealant is placed into the grooves. The material is then hardened using a curing light, creating a firm protective layer over the tooth.
Does the treatment involve drilling?
Fissure sealants normally do not require drilling, injections or removal of healthy tooth tissue. The sealant is applied directly to the surface of the tooth.
If decay is already present, a sealant alone may not be suitable. The tooth will need to be assessed so the correct treatment can be recommended.
Will fissure sealants hurt?
The treatment is usually completely comfortable. You may notice the tooth being cleaned, dried and coated, but there should be no pain.
Immediately afterwards, the sealed tooth may feel slightly different when you bite. This usually settles quickly, although the sealant can be adjusted if the bite feels uneven.
How long do fissure sealants last?
Sealants can remain effective for several years, but they may gradually wear down or become damaged through normal chewing.
They should be checked during routine dental appointments. If part of the sealant has worn away, it may be repaired or replaced to maintain protection.
Can a sealed tooth still develop decay?
A fissure sealant reduces the risk of decay on the protected chewing surface, but it does not make the entire tooth immune to cavities.
Decay can still develop between the teeth, around the edges of the sealant or on other unprotected surfaces. Good brushing, interdental cleaning, fluoride toothpaste and sensible dietary habits remain important.
How should I care for sealed teeth?
- Brush twice each day using fluoride toothpaste
- Clean between the teeth regularly where appropriate
- Limit frequent sugary foods and drinks
- Avoid repeatedly chewing very hard objects
- Attend routine appointments so the sealants can be checked
- Report any discomfort or noticeable damage to the sealant
Are fissure sealants suitable for baby teeth?
Sealants are most commonly placed on permanent molars, but they may occasionally be considered for baby teeth with deep grooves or a high risk of decay.
The decision will depend on the individual tooth, the patient’s age, previous decay experience and overall level of risk.
Simple protection for vulnerable teeth
Fissure sealants provide a straightforward way to protect the hardest-to-clean grooves of the back teeth. Combined with fluoride toothpaste, effective daily brushing and regular dental care, they can help reduce the likelihood of decay developing in these vulnerable areas.